Carl C. Zhang, Ph.D.
Associate Professor

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PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES (Selected) :
1. Zhang, C, Law, M, Zheng, G, "Sorption Behavior and Its Effect on Biodegradation of 2,4-DNT," Bioremediation Journal, In Preparation, 2006.
2. Zhang C and Hughes JB, Nitroaromatic Pollutant Migration at VAAP Site: Bench-Scale Sorption and Leachability Studies, Journal of Environmental Quality, In Preparation, 2006.
3. Zhang C, Zheng G, Nichols, CM (2006), "Micellar Partitioning of Chlorinated Solvents In Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Solutions", Environmental Science and Technology, 40(1):208-214.
4. Daprato, RC, Zhang, C, Spain, JC, Hughes, JB (2005), "Modeling Aerobic Bioremediation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in a Bioslurry Reactor," Environmental Engineering Science, 22(5):676-688.
5. Zhang C, Bennett GN (2005), Biodegradation of Xenobiotics by Anaerobic Bacteria, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 67:600-618.
6. Zhang, C, Hughes, JB (2004), "Bacterial Energetics, Stoichiometry and Kinetic Modeling of 2,4-DNT Biodegradation in a Batch Reactor," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23(12):2799-2806.
7. Fortner, JD, Zhang, C, Spain, JC, Hughes, JB (2003), "Soil Column Evaluation of Factors Controlling Biodegradation of DNT in the Vadose Zone," Environmental Science and Technology, 37(15):3382-3391. (pdf)
8. Zhang, C, Hughes, JB (2003), "Kinetics and Metabolic Pathways of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) by Clostridium acetobutylicum," Chemosphere, 50(5):665-671.
9. Zhang, C, Hughes, JB, Daprato, R.C, Nishino, SF, Spain JC (2001), "Remediation of Dinitrotoluene Contaminated Soils from Former Ammunition Plants: Soil Washing Efficiency and Effective Process Monitoring in Bioslurry Reactors," Journal of Hazardous Materials, B87:139-154.
10. Zhang, C, Hughes, JB, Nishino, SF, Spain, J (2000), "Slurry-Phase Biological Treatment of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene: Role of Bioaugmentation and Effects of High Dinitrotoluene Concentrations," Environmental Science and Technology, 34(13):2810-2816. (pdf)
11. Tadros, MG, Crawford, A, Mateo-Sullivan, A, Zhang, C, Hughes, JB (2000), "Toxic Effects of Hydroxylamino Intermediates on Algae Selenastrum capricornutum," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 64:579-585.
12. Hughes, JB, Wang, CY, Zhang, C, (1999), "Anaerobic Biotransformation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene by Clostridium acetobutylicum: A Pathway through Dihydroxylamino-Intermediates," Environmental Science and Technology, 33(7):1065-1070. (pdf)
13. Gerlach, R, Steiof, M, Zhang, C, Hughes, JB (1999), "Low Aqueous Electron Donors for the Reduction of Nitroaromatics in Anaerobic Sediments," Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 36:91-104.
14. Pucik, LE, Zhang, C, Hughes, JB (1998), "Fate of TNT and TNT-Transformed Products in Mixed Aerobic Cultures," Bioremediation Journal, 2(1):57-67.
15. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1998), "Surfactant Screening for Soil Washing: Comparison of Foamability and Biodegradability of a Plant-Based Surfactant with Commercial Surfactants," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, A, 33(7): 1249-1273.
16. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1999), "Aerobic Biodegradation Kinetics of Four Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants at Sub- and Supra- Critical Micelle Concentrations (CMCs)," Water Research, 33(1):115-124.
17. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1998), "Nutrient and Surfactant Enhancement for the Biodegradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Wastewater from a Louisiana Superfund Site," Journal of Hazardous Materials, 62:41-58.
18. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1998), "Kinetic Modeling of Diauxic Microbial Growth in a Plant-Based Natural Surfactant from Sapindus mukorossi," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, A33(3):405-424.
19. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1996), "Studies in Solvent Extraction Using Polyaphrons II. Semibatch and Continuous Countercurrent Extraction / Flotation of a Hydrophobic Organic Dye from Water," Separation Science and Technology, 31(10):1463-82.
20. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1996), "Studies in Solvent Extraction Using Polyaphrons I. Size Distribution, Stability and Flotation of Polyaphrons," Separation Science and Technology, 31(8):1059-74.


PROCEEDINGS (Selected):
1. Zhang, C, Fortner, JD, Hughes, JB (2003), "Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Dinitrotoluene Mineralization to Support in-situ Vadose Zone Bioremediation," Proceeding of 7th International Symposium on In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation, Battelle Press, Columbus, Editors: Andrea Leeson, etc. (In Press).
2. Zhang, C, G. Zheng, G. Holston, G. Lambert (2003), "Potential PAH Release from Contaminated Sediment in Galveston Bay-Houston Ship Channel," Proceeding of the Sixth Biennial State of the Bay Symposium, League City, Texas, January 14-16.
3. Zhang, C, Hughes, JB, Daprato, R.C, Nishino, SF, Spain JC (2001), "Bioslurry Treatment of Dinitrotoluene Contaminated Soils: Process Feasibility and Strategies for Low-cost Monitoring," Proceeding of the International Conference on Environmental Concerns and Emerging Abatement Technologies, Volume I, Beijing, China, October 9-12, 2001.
4. Zhang,C, Constant,WD, Valsaraj,KT, Roy,D (1997), "Nutrient and Surfactant Augmentation for the Biodegradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Wastewater from a Louisiana Superfund Site," Proceedings of the I&EC Special Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management, IX, American Chemical Society, Pittsburgh, PA, September 15-17, 1997.
5. Zhang,C, Valsaraj,KT, Constant,WD, Roy,D (1997), "Aerobic Biodegradation of Surfactants Applied in Soil Washing for the Clean-up of a Louisiana Superfund Site," Proceedings of the I&EC Special Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management, IX, American Chemical Society, Pittsburgh, PA, September 15-17, 1997.


TECHNICAL REPORTS (Selected):
1. Zhang, C., and Hughes, J.B. (2003), Nitroaromatic Pollutant Migration at VAAP Site: Bench-Scale Sorption and Leachability Studies, Submitted to Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., White Plains, NY, December 2003.
2. Hughes, J.B., Zhang, C. (2002), "Quality Assurance Project Plan for the HSRC/S&SW Project, Reactive Capping Using Elemental iron to Enhance Reductive Processes in Anacostia River Sediments," Submitted to US EPA Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and South West.
3. Fortner, J.D., Zhang, C., Hughes, J.B., "Bench-scale in situ biodegradation of DNT from Badger Army Ammunition Plant," Final report submitted to Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP).
4. Zhang,C, Hughes,JB, Nishino,SF, Spain,JB (1999), "Biodegradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotluene in a Pilot-Scale Aerobic Slurry Reactor System," Applied Research Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM. Contract No. F08637-98-C-6002.
5. Contributor (J.B. Hughes, P.I.), "Quality Assurance Project Plan: Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes," the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center, January 1999
6. Contributor (J.B. Hughes, P.I.), "Final Report to the Defense Special Weapons Agency: A Coupled Evaluation of Biotransformation Pathways and Toxicity Reduction for Explosives in Remediation Systems or the Natural Environment," DSWA Project 01-97-1-0020, November 15, 1999.
7. Contributor (J.B. Hughes, P.I.), "Fifth Quarter Report to the Defense Special Weapons Agency: A Coupled Evaluation of Biotransformation Pathways and Toxicity Reduction for Explosives in Remediation Systems or the Natural Environment," DSWA Project 01-97-1-0020, January 1999.
8. Contributor (J.B. Hughes, P.I.), "Annual Report to the Defense Special Weapons Agency: A Coupled Evaluation of Biotransformation Pathways and Toxicity Reduction for Explosives in Remediation Systems or the Natural Environment," DSWA Project 01-97-1-0020, October, 1998.
9. Contributor (J.B. Hughes, P.I.), "Third Quarter Report to the Defense Special Weapons Agency: A Coupled Evaluation of Biotransformation Pathways and Toxicity Reduction for Explosives in Remediation Systems or the Natural Environment," DSWA Project 01-97-1-0020, July, 1998.